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- Network Working Group C. Allocchio
- Request for Comments: 1405 I.N.F.N. - Italy
- January 1993
-
-
- Mapping between X.400(1984/1988) and Mail-11 (DECnet mail)
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- This memo defines an Experimental Protocol for the Internet
- community. Discussion and suggestions for improvement are requested.
- Please refer to the current edition of the "IAB Official Protocol
- Standards" for the standardization state and status of this protocol.
- Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
-
- Abstract
-
- This document describes a set of mappings which will enable inter
- working between systems operating the CCITT X.400 ( 1984 / 1988 )
- Recommendations on Message Handling Systems, and systems running the
- Mail-11 (also known as DECnet mail) protocol. The specifications are
- valid within DECnet Phase IV addressing and routing scheme.
-
- The complete scenario of X.400 / RFC822 / Mail-11 is also considered,
- in order to cover the possible complex cases arising in multiple
- gateway translations.
-
- This document covers mainly the O/R address to DECnet from/to address
- mapping (and vice versa); other mappings are based on RFC 1327 and
- its eventual future updates.
-
- This is a combined effort of COSINE S2.2, the RARE MSG Working Group,
- and the IETF X.400 Ops Working Group.
-
- Chapter 1 - Introduction
-
- 1.1. X.400
-
- The standard referred shortly into this document as "X.400" relates
- to the CCITT 1984 and 1988 X.400 Series Recommendations covering the
- Message Oriented Text Interchange Service (MOTIS). This document
- covers the Inter Personal Messaging System (IPMS) only.
-
- 1.2. Mail-11
-
- Mail-11, also known as DECnet mail and often improperly referred as
- VMSmail, is the proprietary protocol implemented by Digital Equipment
- Corporation (DEC) to establish a real-time text messaging system
-
-
-
- Allocchio [Page 1]
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- RFC 1405 Mail-11 Mapping January 1993
-
-
- among systems implementing the DECnet Phase IV networking protocols.
-
- 1.3. RFC822
-
- RFC822 was defined as a standard for personal messaging systems
- within the DARPA Internet and is now diffused on top of many
- different message transfer protocols, like SMTP, UUCP, BITNET, JNT
- Grey Book, CSnet. Its mapping with X.400 is fully described in
- RFC1327. In this document we will try to consider its relations with
- Mail-11, too.
-
- 1.4. The user community
-
- The community using X.400 messaging system is currently growing in
- the whole world, but there is still a number of very large
- communities using Mail-11 based messaging systems willing to
- communicate easily with X.400 based Message Handling Systems. Among
- these large DECnet based networks we can include the High Energy
- Physics network (HEPnet) and the Space Physics Analysis Network
- (SPAN).
-
- These DECnet communities will in the future possibly migrate to
- DECnet Phase V (DECnet-OSI) protocols, converting thus their
- messaging systems to OSI specifications, i.e., merging into the X.400
- MHS; however the transition period could be long, and there could
- always be some DECnet Phase IV communities around.
-
- For these reasons a set of mapping rules covering conversion between
- Mail-11 and X.400 is described in this document.
-
- This document also covers the case of Mail-11 systems implementing
- the "foreign mail protocol" allowing Mail-11 to interface other mail
- systems, including RFC822 based system.
-
- Chapter 2 - Message Elements
-
- 2.1. Service Elements
-
- Mail-11 protocol offers a very restricted set of elements composing a
- Inter Personal Message (IPM), whereas X.400 specifications support a
- complex and large amount of service elements. Considering the case
- where a message is relayed between two X.400 MHS via a DECnet network
- this could result in a nearly complete loss of information. To
- minimise this inconvenience most of X.400 service elements will be
- mapped into Mail-11 text body parts. To consider also the case when a
- message originates from a network implementing RFC822 protocols and
- is relayed via Mail-11 to and X.400 MHS, the applied mapping from
- X.400 service elements into Mail-11 text body part the rules
-
-
-
- Allocchio [Page 2]
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- RFC 1405 Mail-11 Mapping January 1993
-
-
- specified in RFC1327 and their updates will be used, producing an
- RFC822-like header.
-
- 2.2. Mail-11 service elements
-
- All envelope (P1) and header (P2) Mail-11 service elements are
- supported in the conversion to X.400. Note that Mail-11 P1 is solely
- composed by P1.From and P1.To, and any other Mail-11 element belongs
- to Mail-11 P2:
-
- - P1.From
- maps to P1.Originator
-
- - P1.To
- maps to P1.Primary Recipient
-
- - P2.From
- maps to P2.Originator
-
- - P2.To
- maps to P2.Primary Recipient
-
- - Cc
- maps to P2.Copy Recipient
-
- - Date
- maps to Submission Time Stamp
-
- - Subj
- maps to Subject
-
- Any eventual RFC822-like text header in Mail-11 body part will be
- interpreted as specified into RFC1327 and its updates.
-
- 2.3. X.400 service elements
-
- The following X.400 service elements are supported directly into
- Mail-11 conversion:
-
- - P1.Originator
- maps to P1.'From'
-
- - P1.Primary Recipients
- maps to P1.'To'
-
- - P2.Originator
- maps to P2.'From'
-
-
-
-
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- RFC 1405 Mail-11 Mapping January 1993
-
-
- - P2.Primary Recipients
- maps to P2.'To'
-
- - Copy Recipients
- maps to 'Cc'
-
- - Submission Time Stamp
- maps to 'date'
-
- - Subject
- maps to 'Subj'
-
- The following X.400 service element is partially supported into
- Mail-11 conversion:
-
- - Blind Copy Recipient
- to ensure the required privacy, when a message contains
- a BCC address, the following actions occurs:
- - a new message is created, containing the body parts;
- - a new envelope is added to the new message, containing
- the originator and the BCC recipient addresses only;
- - a note is added to the message informing the BCC
- recipient about the fact that the message was a BCC;
- - the new message is delivered separately;
- - a note is added to the message delivered to TO and CC
- recipients informing them about the fact that there
- were some BCC recipients, too.
-
- Any other X.400 service element support is done accordingly to
- RFC1327 including the mapped element into the RFC822-like header into
- Mail-11 body part.
-
- Chapter 3 - Basic Mappings
-
- The basic mappings indicated in RFC1327 and its updates should be
- fully used.
-
- Chapter 4 - Addressing
-
- 4.1. Mail-11 addressing
-
- Mail-11 addressing can vary from a very simple case up to complex
- ones, if there are other Mail-11 to "something-else" gateways
- involved. In any case a Mail-11 address is an ASCII string composed
- of different elements.
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Allocchio [Page 4]
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- RFC 1405 Mail-11 Mapping January 1993
-
-
- 4.2. X.400 addressing
-
- On the other hand, An X.400 O/R address is a collection of
- attributes, which can anyway be presented as an IA5 textual
- representation as defined in chapter 4 of RFC1327.
-
- 4.3. Mail-11 address components
-
- Let us start defining the different parts composing a Mail-11
- address. We can consider any Mail-11 address as composed by 3 parts:
-
- [[route]::] [[node]::] local-part
-
- where 'route' and 'node' are optional and only 'local-part' is
- compulsory.
-
- Here comes a strict definition of these elements
-
- node = *(ALPHA/DIGIT) / *DIGIT / *DIGIT "." *DIGIT
-
- route = *(node "::")
-
- local-part = username / nickname / for-protocol
-
- username = *(ALPHA/DIGIT)
-
- nickname = <printablestring - <" " and HTAB>>
-
- for-protocol = (f-pref f-sep <">f-address<">)
-
- f-pref = *(ALPHA/DIGIT)
-
- f-sep = "%" / "::"
-
- f-address = printablestring / RFC822-address / X400-text-address
-
- X400-text-address = <textual representation of an X.400 O/R addr>
-
- Please note that in x-text-address both the ";" notation and the "/"
- notation are equivalent and allowed (see examples in different sect.)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Allocchio [Page 5]
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- RFC 1405 Mail-11 Mapping January 1993
-
-
- Some examples:
-
- route node local-part
- -----------------------------------------------------------
- USER47
- MYNODE::BETTY
- BOSTON::CLUS02::GOOFY1::MARY34
- IN%"M.P.Tracy@Dicdum.cc.edu"
- UCLA13::MVAX93::MRGATE::"MBOX1::MBX34::MYC3::BOB"
- MIAMI2::George.Rosenthal
- CCUBVX::VS3100::Jnet%"IAB3425@IBAX23L"
- MRGATE::"C=xx::A=bbb::P=ppp::S=Joe"
- MAINVX::IN%"path1!path2!user%dom"
- GWX400::gw%"C=xx;ADMD=aaa;PRMD=ppp;S=Lee;"
- GX409A::x400%"/C=xx/A=aaa/P=ppp/S=Lee"
- smtp%"postmast@nodeb.bitnet"
- MICKEY::PRFGAT::profs%"NANCY@IBMB"
- edu%"HU427BD%CSUNIB@abc.acme.edu"
-
- Chapter 5 - Mapping
-
- 5.1. Mapping scheme
-
- DECnet address field is somehow a 'flat land' with some obliged
- routes to reach some hidden areas. Thus a truly hierarchical mapping
- scheme using mapping tables as suitable for RFC822 is not the
- appropriate solution. A fixed set of rules using DDAs support is
- defined in order to define the mapping.
-
- Another important aspect of the problem is the coexistence of many
- disjoint DECnet networks, using the same DECnet address space, i.e.,
- common X.400 and/or RFC822 mailing system acting as glue to connect
- different isolated Mail-11 islands. Thus, to identify uniquely each
- DECnet network we must also introduce the concept of 'DECnet network
- name', which we will refer shortly as 'net' from now onwards. We
- define as 'net' a unique ASCII string identifying the DECnet network
- we are connected to. To be more specific, the 'net' element will
- identify the DECnet community being served, i.e., it could also
- differ from the actual official network name. Aliases are allowed for
- the
-
- net = 'HEPnet' the High Energy Physics DECnet network
- net = 'SPAN' the Space Physics Analysis Network
- net = 'Enet' the Digital Equipment Corporate Network
-
- The need of labelling each DECnet network with its name comes also
- from the requirement to implement the 'intelligent' gateway, i.e.,
- the gateway which is able to understand its ability to connect
-
-
-
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- RFC 1405 Mail-11 Mapping January 1993
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-
- directly to the specified DECnet network, even if the O/R address
- specify a path to a different gateway. A more detailed discussion of
- the problem is in 5.3 and 5.5.
-
- A registry of 'net' attributes and their correspondent gateways must
- also be implemented to insure uniqueness of names. A simple table
- coupling 'net' and the gateway address is used, in a syntax similar
- to the 'gate' table used in RFC1327. An example:
-
- HEPnet#OU$Cosine-gw.O$@.PRMD$infn.ADMD$garr.C$IT#
- SPAN#OU$Cosine-gw.O$@.PRMD$infn.ADMD$garr.C$IT#
- SPAN#O$ESRIN1.PRMD$esa.ADMD$Master400.C$it#
-
- Ambiguous left entries are allowed. Gateway implementations could
- simply choose among one of them, or try them all in cyclic order to
- obtain better performances.
-
- In order to keep the mapping rules very simple, avoiding the need to
- analyse Mail-11 addresses to distinguish the 'route', 'node' and
- needed to cover the mapping problem.
-
- 5.2. Mail-11 --> X.400
-
- We define the following Domain Defined Attributes to map a Mail-11
- address:
-
- DD.Dnet
- DD.Mail-11
-
- We thus define the mapping rule
-
- route::node::localpart
-
- maps into
-
- C=xx; ADMD=yyy; PRMD=zzz; O=ooo; OU=uuu; DD.Dnet=net;
- DD.Mail-11=route::node::localpart;
-
- with
-
- xx = country code of the gateway performing the conversion
- yyy = Admd of the gateway performing the conversion
- zzz = Prmd of the gateway performing the conversion
- ooo = Organisation of the gateway performing the conversion
- uuu = Org. Unit(s) of the gateway performing the conversion
- net = name of the DECnet network (e.g., HEPnet, SPAN,...)
-
- ('zzz','ooo','uuu' being used or dropped appropriately in order to
-
-
-
- Allocchio [Page 7]
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- RFC 1405 Mail-11 Mapping January 1993
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-
- identify uniquely within the X.400 MHS the gateway performing the
- conversion).
-
- The following defaults also apply:
-
- if 'node' is missing and we are mapping the Mail-11 originator (From)
- then 'node' defaults to the DECnet node name of the gateway (gwnode);
-
- if 'node' is missing and we are mapping the Mail-11 recipient (To,
- Cc) then 'node' defaults to the DECnet node name of the 'From'
- address.
-
- if 'DD.Dnet=net' is missing, then it defaults to a value defined
- locally by the gateway: if the gateway is connected to one DECnet
- network only, then 'net' will be the name of this unique network; if
- the gateway is connected to more than one DECnet network, then the
- gateway will establish a 'first choice' DECnet network, and 'net'
- will default to this value.
-
- In case 'local-part' contains 'x400-text-address' see also section
- 6.4.3;
-
- In case 'local-part' contains 'RFC822-address' see also section
- 6.4.4.
-
- 5.2.1. Examples
-
- Let us suppose that:
-
- the DECnet network name (net) is 'HEP';
- the DECnet node name of the gateway (gwnode) is 'X4TDEC';
- the Country Code of the gateway is 'IT' and its ADMD is 'garr'
- (and these two fields are enough to identify uniquely the gateway
- within the X.400 MHS).
-
- USER47
- C=it; ADMD=garr; DD.Dnet=HEP; DD.Mail-11=X4TDEC::USER47;
-
- MYNODE::BETTY
- C=it; ADMD=garr; DD.Dnet=HEP; DD.Mail-11=MYNODE::BETTY;
-
- BOSTON::CLUS02::GOOFY1::MARY34
- C=it; ADMD=garr; DD.Dnet=HEP; DD.Mail-11=BOSTON::GOOFY1::MARY34;
-
- UCLA13::MVAX93::MRGATE::"MBOX1::MBX34:MYC3::BOB"
- C=it; ADMD=garr; DD.Dnet=HEP;
- DD.Mail-11=UCLA13::MVAX93::MRGATE::(q)MBOX1::MBX34::MYC3::BOB(q)
-
-
-
-
- Allocchio [Page 8]
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- RFC 1405 Mail-11 Mapping January 1993
-
-
- MIAMI2::George.Rosenthal
- C=it; ADMD=garr; DD.Dnet=HEP; DD.Mail-11=MIAMI2::George.Rosenthal;
-
- MRGATE::"C=xx::A=bbb::P=ppp::S=Joe"
- C=it; ADMD=garr; DD.Dnet=HEP;
- DD.Mail-11=X4TDEC::MRGATE::(q)C=xx::A=bbb::P=ppp::S=Joe(q)
-
- MAINVX::In%"path1!path2!user%dom"
- C=it; ADMD=garr; DD.Dnet=HEP;
- DD.Mail-11=MAINVX::In(p)(q)path1(b)path2(b)user(p)dom(q)
-
- 5.3. X.400 encoding of Mail-11 --> Mail-11
-
- In order to assure path reversibility in case of multiple Mail-
- 11/X.400 gateway crossing we must distinguish two cases:
-
- - DD.Dnet=net is known to the gateway as one of the DECnet networks
- it is connected to. In this case the mapping is trivial:
-
- C=xx; ADMD=yyy; PRMD=zzz; O=ooo; OU=uuu; DD.Dnet=net;
- DD.Mail-11=route::node::localpart;
-
- (see sect. 5.2 for explication of 'xx','yyy','zzz','ooo','uuu','net')
-
- maps into
-
- route::node::localpart
-
- - DD.Dnet=net is NOT known to the gateway as one of the DECnet
- networks it is connected to. In this case the mapping rule
- described into section 5.4 apply:
-
- C=xx; ADMD=yyy; PRMD=www; DD.Dnet=net;
- DD.Mail-11=route::node::localpart;
-
- maps into
-
- gwnode::gw%"C=xx;ADMD=yyy;PRMD=www;DD.Dnet=net;
- DD.Mail-11=route::node::localpart;"
-
- 5.3.1. Examples
-
- Let us suppose that:
-
- the DECnet network name (net) is 'HEP';
- the DECnet node name of the gateway (gwnode) is 'X4TDEC';
- the Country Code of the gateway is 'IT' and its ADMD is 'garr';
- (and these two fields are enough to identify uniquely the gateway
-
-
-
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- RFC 1405 Mail-11 Mapping January 1993
-
-
- within the X.400 MHS).
-
- C=it; ADMD=garr; DD.Dnet=HEP;
- DD.Mail-11=X4TDEC::MRGATE::(q)C=ab::A=dsa::P=qwty::OU=mie::S=Cly(q)
- MRGATE::"C=ab::A=dsa::P=qwty::OU=mie::S=Cly"
-
- C=it; ADMD=garr; DD.Dnet=EASYNET; DD.Mail-11=ROM01::CARLO;
- X4TDEC::gw%"C=it;ADMD=garr;DD.Dnet=EASYNET;
- DD.Mail-11=ROM01::CARLO;"
-
- (in the above example 'EASYNET' is supposed to be not connected to
- our gateway located on X4TDEC DECnet node).
-
- 5.4. X.400 --> Mail-11
-
- The mapping of an X.400 O/R address into Mail-11 is done encoding the
- various attributes into the X400-text-address as defined in chapter 4
- of RFC1327, and including this as 'f-address'. A 'f-pref' and a the
- DECnet node name of the gateway.
-
- Thus
-
- x400-text-address
-
- will be encoded like
-
- gwnode::gw%"x400-text-address"
-
- having spaces dividing attributes as optional.
-
- 5.4.1. Example
-
- Let us suppose that:
-
- the DECnet node name of the gateway (gwnode) is 'X4TDEC';
-
- Thus
-
- C=gb; ADMD=Gold 400; PRMD=AC.UK; O=ucl; OU=cs; G=Jim; S=Clay;
-
- will be encoded like
-
- X4TDEC::gw%"/C=gb/A=Gold 400/P=AC.UK/O=ucl/OU=cs/G=Jim/S=Clay"
-
- or its equivalent with the ";" notation
-
- X4TDEC::gw%"C=gb;ADMD=Gold 400;PRMD=AC.UK;O=ucl;OU=cs;G=Jim;S=Clay;"
-
-
-
-
- Allocchio [Page 10]
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- RFC 1405 Mail-11 Mapping January 1993
-
-
- 5.5. Mail-11 encoding of X.400 --> X.400
-
- It can happened that Mail-11 is used to relay messages between X.400
- systems; this will mean multiple X.400/Mail-11 gateway crossing and
- we will encounter Mail-11 addresses containing embedded X.400
- informations. In order to assure path reversibility we must then
- distinguish two cases:
-
- - the embedded X.400 address belongs to a domain whose naming and
- routing rules are known to the global X.400 MHS. In this case the
- mapping is trivial:
-
- route::gwnode::gw%"x400-text-address"
-
- maps into
-
- x400-text-address
-
- 'route' and 'gwnode' are mapped into X.400 Trace service elements.
-
- - the encoded X.400 domain does not belong to the global X.400 name
- space. In this case the mapping rule described into section 5.2
- apply:
-
- route::gwnode::gw%"x400-text-address"
-
- maps into
-
- C=xx; ADMD=yyy; DD.Dnet=net;
- DD.Mail-11=route::gwnode::gw(p)(q)x400-text-address(q);
-
- The latter case is deprecated and must be regarded as a possible
- temporary solution only, while waiting to include into the global
- X.400 MHS also this domain.
-
- 5.5.1. Examples
-
- Let us suppose that:
-
- the DECnet network name (net) is 'HEP';
- the DECnet node name of the gateway (gwnode) is 'X4TDEC';
- the Country Code of the gateway is 'IT' and its ADMD is 'garr';
- (and these two fields are enough to identify uniquely the gateway
- within the X.400 MHS).
-
- X4TDEC::gw%"C=fr;ADMD=atlas;PRMD=ifip;O=poly;S=Moreau;"
- C=fr; ADMD=atlas; PRMD=ifip; O=poly; S=Moreau;
-
-
-
-
- Allocchio [Page 11]
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- RFC 1405 Mail-11 Mapping January 1993
-
-
- X4TDEC::gw%"C=zz;ADMD= ;PRMD=Botwa;O=Miner;S=Chiuaw;"
- C=it; ADMD=garr; DD.Dnet=HEP;
- DD.Mail-11=X4TDEC::gw(p)(q)C=zz;ADMD= ;
- PRMD=Botwa;O=Miner;S=Chiuaw;(q)
-
- (in the above example C=zz is unknown to the global X.400 MHS)
-
- Chapter 6 - Complex mapping
-
- 6.1. The protocol triangle
-
- The bilateral mappings described in chapter 5 must be extended in
- order to cover also the case in which also RFC822 addressing is
- involved, and the following triangular situation occurs:
-
- x.400
- / \
- / \
- / \
- Mail-11----RFC822
-
- The X.400 - RFC822 side is fully covered by RFC1327, and the previous
- chapters in this document cover the Mail-11 - X.400 side.
-
- Currently a number of implementations also perform the mapping along
- the Mail-11 - RFC822 side. The most important among these de facto
- standards are discussed in Appendix A, jointly with a Mail-11 -
- RFC822 mapping scheme which covers this side of the triangle.
-
- 6.2. RFC822 mapped in Mail-11
-
- The 'RFC822-address' is usually included in 'local-part' as
-
- route::gwnode::gw%"rfc822-address"
-
- an example
-
- NVXA23::SMTPGW::in%"M.T.Rose@CS.UCLA.edu"
-
- 6.3. Mail-11 mapped in RFC822
-
- There are different styles in mapping a Mail-11 address in RFC822;
- let's have a short summary.
-
- - Mail-11 address encoded in "Left Hand Side" (LHS) of RFC822
- address, using "%" syntax or "::" syntax;
-
- route::node::localpart
-
-
-
- Allocchio [Page 12]
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- RFC 1405 Mail-11 Mapping January 1993
-
-
- maps to
-
- localpart%node%route@gw-domains
-
- or
-
- "route::node::localpart"@gw-domains
-
- where 'gw-domains' identify uniquely the Mail-11 / RFC822 gateway.
-
- - Mail-11 address maps partly to LHS and partly to 'domain' part of
- RFC822 address:
-
- node::localpart
-
- maps to
-
- localpart@node.gw-domains
-
- - Mail-11 address is completely hidden by a mapping table / directory
- and the resultant RFC822 address contains no trace at all of the
- original address.
-
- As you could notice, in any of the quoted cases the resultant RFC822
- address is not distinguishable from a genuine RFC822 address.
-
- 6.4. Multiple conversions
-
- Let us now examine briefly the possible situations which involve
- multiple conversions, having one protocol as a relay between the
- other two. This summary suggest some possible enhanced solutions to
- avoid heavy and unduly mappings, but the 'step by step' approach,
- considering blindly one conversion as disjointed to the other, as
- described in the previous sections, can always be used.
-
- 6.4.1. X.400 --> RFC822 --> Mail-11
-
- We apply the RFC1327 rules to the first step, obtaining an RFC822
- address which can be mapped in Mail-11 using the 'f-address' field,
- as described in section 6.2.
-
- an example:
-
- C=gb; ADMD=Gold 400; PRMD=AC.UK; O=UCL; OU=cs; G=Jim; S=Clay;
-
- maps accordingly to RFC1327 to
-
- Jim.Clay@cs.UCL.AC.UK
-
-
-
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- RFC 1405 Mail-11 Mapping January 1993
-
-
- and finally becomes
-
- SMTPGW::In%"Jim.Clay@cs.UCL.AC.UK"
-
- where 'SMTPGW' is the DECnet node name of the machine running the
- RFC822 to Mail-11 gateway.
-
- 6.4.2. Mail-11 --> RFC822 --> X.400
-
- Some of the possible mapping described in section 6.3 apply to the
- Mail-11 address, hiding completely its origin. The RFC1327 apply on
- the last step.
-
- an example:
-
- RELAY::MYNODE::BETTY
-
- could map into RFC822 as
-
- BETTY%MYNODE@RELAY.dnet.gw1.it
-
- and accordingly to RFC1327
-
- C=it; A=garr; P=dom1; O=gw1; OU=RELAY; S=BETTY(p)MYNODE;
-
- where 'dnet.gw1.it' is the domain of the machine running the Mail-11
- to RFC822 gateway.
-
- 6.4.3. X.400 --> Mail-11 --> RFC822
-
- The X.400 address is stored into Mail-11 'f-address' element as
- described in sections 5.3 and 5.4; then if the Mail-11 to RFC822
- gateway is able to understand the presence of a 'x400-text-address'
- into the Mail-11 address, then it applies RFC1327 to it, and encodes
- header. Otherwise it applies the rules described in 6.3
-
- an example:
-
- C=gb; ADMD=Gold 400; PRMD=AC.UK; O=UCL; OU=cs; G=Jim; S=Clay;
-
- will be encoded like
-
- X4TDEC::gw%"/C=gb/A=Gold 400/P=AC.UK/O=UCL/OU=cs/G=Jim/S=Clay"
-
- If the Mail-11 to RFC822 gateway recognise the x400-text-address,
- then the address becomes, accordingly to RFC1327
-
- Jim.Clay@cs.UCL.AC.UK
-
-
-
- Allocchio [Page 14]
-
- RFC 1405 Mail-11 Mapping January 1993
-
-
- and the following RFC822 header line is added
-
- Received: from X4TDEC with DECnet (Mail-11) on xx-xxx-xxxx.
-
- Otherwise one of the dumb rules could produce
-
- gw%"/C=gb/A=Gold 400/P=AC.UK/O=UCL/OU=cs/G=Jim/S=Clay"@X4TDEC.doms
-
- 6.4.4. RFC822 --> Mail-11 --> X.400
-
- The RFC822 address is encoded in Mail-11 f-address element as
- described in sect. 6.2; then if the Mail-11 to X.400 gateway is able
- to understand the presence of an 'RFC822-address' into the Mail-11
- address, then it applies RFC1327 to it, and encodes 'route' and
- applies the rules described in 5.2 and 5.5.
-
- an example:
-
- Jim.Clay@cs.UCL.AC.UK
-
- will be encoded like
-
- SMTPGW::In%"Jim.Clay@cs.UCL.AC.UK"
-
- If the Mail-11 to X.400 gateway recognise the RFC822-address, then
- the address becomes, accordingly to RFC1327
-
- C=gb; ADMD=Gold 400; PRMD=AC.UK; O=UCL; OU=cs; G=Jim; S=Clay;
-
- and a 'trace' record is added into the X.400 P1 data, stating that a
- node named SMTPGW was crossed.
-
- Otherwise dumb rule produces
-
- C=it; ADMD=garr; DD.Dnet=HEP;
- DD.Mail-11=SMTPGW::In(p)(q)Jim.Clay(a)cs.UCL.AC.UK(q)
-
- 6.4.5. RFC822 --> X.400 --> Mail-11
-
- We apply RFC1327 to the first conversion, obtaining an X.400 address.
- Then the rules described in sections 5.3 and 5.4 are used to store
- the X.400 address as 'x400-text-address' into the Mail-11
-
- an example:
-
- Jim.Clay@cs.UCL.AC.UK
-
- maps accordingly to RFC1327 to
-
-
-
- Allocchio [Page 15]
-
- RFC 1405 Mail-11 Mapping January 1993
-
-
- C=gb; ADMD=Gold 400; PRMD=AC.UK; O=UCL; OU=cs; G=Jim; S=Clay;
-
- and finally becomes
-
- SMTPGW::gw%"/C=gb/A=Gold 400/P=AC.UK/O=UCL/OU=cs/G=Jim/S=Clay"
-
- where 'SMTPGW' is the DECnet node name of the machine running the
- X.400 to Mail-11 gateway.
-
- 6.4.6. Mail-11 --> X.400 --> RFC822
-
- The Mail-11 address is encoded as specified in sections 5.2 and 5.5;
- then RFC1327 is used to convert the address in RFC822.
-
- an example:
-
- RELAY::MYNODE::BETTY
-
- maps into X.400 as
-
- C=it; ADMD=garr; DD.Dnet=HEP; DD.Mail-11=RELAY::MYNODE::BETTY;
-
- and accordingly to RFC1327
-
- "/C=it/A=garr/DD.Dnet=HEP/DD.Mail-11=RELAY::MYNODE::BETTY"@gw2.it
-
- where 'gw2.it' is the domain of the machine running the RFC1327
- gateway.
-
- Appendix A Mail-11 - RFC822 mapping
-
- A.1 Introduction
-
- The implementation of a Mail-11 - RFC822 gateway was faced by many
- software developers independently, and was included in many mail
- products which were running on both VAX/VMS and UNIX systems. As
- there was not a unique standard mapping way, the implementations
- resulted into a number of possible variant methods to map a Mail-11
- address into an RFC822 one. Some of these products became then
- largely widespread, starting to create a number of de facto mapping
- methods.
-
- In this small appendix some sort of standardisation of the mapping
- problem is considered, trying to be compatible with the existing
- installed software. We must also remind that, in some cases, only
- simple Mail-11 addresses could be mapped into RFC822, having complex
- ones producing all sort of quite strange results.
-
-
-
-
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- RFC 1405 Mail-11 Mapping January 1993
-
-
- On the other hand, the mapping of an RFC822 address in Mail-11 was
- quite straightforward, resulting in a common definition which uses
- "Mail-11 foreign mail protocol" to design an RFC822 address:
-
- [[node::][node::]...]prot%"rfc-822-address"
-
- or
-
- [node::][node::]...]::"rfc-822-address"
-
- A.2 De facto implementations
-
- A considerable number of de-facto implementations of Mail-11/RFC822
- gateways is existing. As said in the introduction, the mapping of
- RFC822 addresses in Mail-11 is accomplished using the foreign mail
- protocol syntax and is thus unique.
-
- On the other hand, Mail-11 addresses are encoded in RFC822 syntax in
- various ways. Here are the most common ones:
-
- a) "node::user"@gateway-address
- b) user%node@gateway-address
- c) user@node.decnet.domains
- d) user%node.dnet@gateway-address
-
- Let's have a quick look to these different choices.
-
- a - This form simply encloses as quoted Left Hand Side string the
- original Mail-11 address into the RFC822 address of the
- Mail-11/RFC822 gateway. This method is fully conformant with
- RFC822 syntax, and the Mail-11 address is left untouched; thus
- no encoding rules need to applied to it.
-
- b - As one will immediately notice, this form has nothing in it
- indicating the address is a Mail-11 one; this makes the encoding
- indistinguishable from a similar encoding of RSCS (BITnet)
- addresses used by some IBM VM Mailer systems. It should thus be
- deprecated.
-
- c - In this case a sort of 'reserved word' (decnet) embedded into
- the address itself identifies the presence of a Mail-11 original
- address preceding it. The decoding is possible, dropping
- 'domains' and extracting 'user' and 'node' parts. However complex
- Mail-11 addresses cannot be mapped properly in this syntax, and
- there is no specific rule for adding the 'domains' part of the
- address.
-
-
-
-
-
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-
- RFC 1405 Mail-11 Mapping January 1993
-
-
- d - In this case again there is a 'reserved word' (dnet) which make
- possible the identification of the original Mail-11 address;
- 'gateway-address' points to the Mail-11/RFC822 gateway and 'node'
- and 'user' information can be easily drawn from the address.
- However complex Mail-11 addresses cannot be embedded easily into
- this syntax.
-
- A.3 Recommended mappings
-
- From the examples seen in the previous paragraphs we can derive a
- canonical form for representing the mapping between Mail-11 and
- RFC822.
-
- A3.1 RFC822 mapped in Mail-11
-
- The mapping of an RFC822 address in Mail-11 is straightforward, using
- the "Mail-11 foreign mail protocol" syntax. The two possible variants
- are:
-
- [[node::][node::]...]prot%"rfc-822-address"
-
- or
-
- [node::][node::]...]::"rfc-822-address"
-
- A3.2 Mail-11 mapped in RFC822
-
- RFC822 foresee a canonical form for representing non-RFC822
- addresses: put the foreign address in local part (Left Hand Side,
- LHS) is a form as similar as possible to its original syntax. Thus
- the suggested mapping is:
-
- "Mail-11-address"@gateway-address
-
- This format assures also the return path via the appropriate gateway.
-
- A.4 Conclusions
-
- A standard way of mapping Mail-11 addresses into RFC822 and vice
- versa is feasible. A suggestion is thus made to unify all existing
- and future implementations. It should be noted, however, that there
- is no way to specify in these mappings the name of the decnet
- community owning the encoded address, as it was done for X.400, thus
- the implementation of the 'intelligent' gateway in this case is
- impossible.
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Allocchio [Page 18]
-
- RFC 1405 Mail-11 Mapping January 1993
-
-
- Acknowledgements
-
- I wish to thank all those people who read the first draft and
- contributed a lot with their useful suggestions to the revision of
- this document, in particular RARE WG1 and IETF X.400 ops group
- members and S. Hardcastle-Kille.
-
- References
-
- [1] CCITT, "CCITT Recommendations X.400-X.430", Message Handling
- Systems: Red Book, October 1984.
-
- [2] CCITT, "CCITT Recommendations X.400-X.420", Message Handling
- Systems: Blue Book, November 1988.
-
- [3] Crocker, D., "Standard of the Format of ARPA Internet Text
- Messages", STD 11, RFC 822, UDel, August 1982.
-
- [4] Kille, S., "Mapping Between X.400 and RFC 822", UK Academic
- Community Report (MG.19) / RFC 987, June 1986.
-
- [5] Kille, S., "Mapping Between X.400(1988) / ISO 10021 and RFC
- 822", RFC 1327, March 1992.
-
- [6] Digital Equipment Corp.;, "VAX/VMS Mail Utility".
-
- [7] Joiner Associates Inc., "Jnet User's Manual".
-
- [8] PMDF User's Guide.
-
- Security Considerations
-
- Security issues are not discussed in this memo.
-
- Author's Address
-
- Claudio Allocchio
- Cosine S2.2
- Sincrotrone Trieste
- Area di Ricerca
- Padriciano 99
- I 34012 Trieste
- Italy
-
- Phone: +39 40 3758523
- Fax: +39 40 226338
- EMail: Claudio.Allocchio@elettra.Trieste.it
- C=it; A=garr; P=Trieste; O=Elettra; S=Allocchio; G=Claudio;
-
-
-
- Allocchio [Page 19]
-
-